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Stellatochara
Classification
Phylum:
Charophyta
Class:
Charophyceae
Order:
Charales
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Porocharaceae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Stellatochara Horn af RANTZIEN, 1954, p. 26
Type Species:
* S. sellingii Horn af RANTZIEN, 1954, p. 33, pl. 1, 1-3, OD
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 52,4a-d. * S. Auerbachichara Kisielevsky, 1967, p. 37, emend., Saidakovsky, 1968, p. 102 *A. saidakovskyi Kisielevsky, 1967, p. 38, pl. 1,1-2, OD =Shaikinella Kisielevsky, 1993b, p. 87 (type, S. consummata Kisielevsky, 1993b, p. 89, pl. VIII, 12, OD). Spiral cells progressively bent at summit, forming short and broad apical neck, apical ends of spiral cells forming more or less developed denticles around apical aperture, apical aperture large, pentagonal or star shaped. Basal plate unknown. General shape ovoid. Size small. Differs from Stellatochara in its less protruding neck and in its larger apical pore. Permian-Triassic: Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, China, Kazakhstan.-Fig. 52,1a. *A. saidakovskyi Kisielevsky, Lower Triassic, Russia, lateral view, x105 (adapted from Saidakovsky, 1968, pl. XV, 18).-Fig. 52,1b-c. A. starozhilovae Kisielevsky, Triassic, Poland, lateral, apical views, x108 (Bilan, 1988, pl. X, 1a-1b).
Synonyms
Maslovichara
Geographic Distribution
Germany, Poland, Sweden, Ukraine, China, Kazakhstan
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Triassic
Beginning International Stage:
Induan
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
251.9
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Triassic
Ending International Stage:
Rhaetian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
0
Ending Date:
201.36
Description
Spiral cells progressively bent at rim of apex, forming wide apical neck, less than onethird of gyrogonite length, Apical neck truncated at extremity, Apical pore rounded, pentagonal, or star shaped, generally small, Basal plate multipartite, General shape frequently ovoid, occasionally ellipsoid or subglobular, Size small to medium. [The genus is well characterized by its apical elongated neck; however the trait is not well marked in the type species S. sellingii. The Jurassic and Cretaceous species, which present a truncated apex and were assigned to Stellatochara by PECK (1957) and BHATIA and MANNIKERI (1977), belong to Porochara. HORN AF RANTZIEN (1954) noted the similarities in the gyrogonites of Stellatochara and Clavatoraceae genera; in both instances, the gyrogonite is bottle shaped with a cylindrical apical neck. GRAMBAST (1962b) agreed with HORN AF RANTZIEN (1964) and expressed the opinion that the ancestors of the Clavatoraceae are to be sought among the Stellatocharoideae. Transitional forms between the Triassic Stellatocharoideae and the Upper Jurassic Clavatoraceae, however, are presently unknown. The Upper Jurassic S. rostrata (MÄDLER) SCHUDACK, 1993b, as well as the Lower Cretaceous S. reyi GRAMBAST-FESSARD, 1980, and S. nehdensis SCHUDACK, 1987, have an apex with apical projection abruptly turning upward, which is typical of Stellatochara. These taxa most likely represent clavatoracean gyrogonites, exceptionally calcified when the utricle was, for some reason, uncalcified, and they therefore should not be referred to Stellatochara.]
References
Horn af Rantzien, Henning. 1954. Middle Triassic Charophyta of south Sweden. Opera Botanica 1(2):1-83, 7 pl .
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Charophyta
Class:
Charophyceae
Order:
Charales
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Porocharaceae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Stellatochara Horn af RANTZIEN, 1954, p. 26
Type Species:
* S. sellingii Horn af RANTZIEN, 1954, p. 33, pl. 1, 1-3, OD
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 52,4a-d. * S. Auerbachichara Kisielevsky, 1967, p. 37, emend., Saidakovsky, 1968, p. 102 *A. saidakovskyi Kisielevsky, 1967, p. 38, pl. 1,1-2, OD =Shaikinella Kisielevsky, 1993b, p. 87 (type, S. consummata Kisielevsky, 1993b, p. 89, pl. VIII, 12, OD). Spiral cells progressively bent at summit, forming short and broad apical neck, apical ends of spiral cells forming more or less developed denticles around apical aperture, apical aperture large, pentagonal or star shaped. Basal plate unknown. General shape ovoid. Size small. Differs from Stellatochara in its less protruding neck and in its larger apical pore. Permian-Triassic: Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, China, Kazakhstan.-Fig. 52,1a. *A. saidakovskyi Kisielevsky, Lower Triassic, Russia, lateral view, x105 (adapted from Saidakovsky, 1968, pl. XV, 18).-Fig. 52,1b-c. A. starozhilovae Kisielevsky, Triassic, Poland, lateral, apical views, x108 (Bilan, 1988, pl. X, 1a-1b).
Synonyms
Maslovichara
Geographic Distribution
Germany, Poland, Sweden, Ukraine, China, Kazakhstan
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Triassic
Beginning International Stage:
Induan
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
251.9
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Triassic
Ending International Stage:
Rhaetian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
0
Ending Date:
201.36
Description
Spiral cells progressively bent at rim of apex, forming wide apical neck, less than onethird of gyrogonite length, Apical neck truncated at extremity, Apical pore rounded, pentagonal, or star shaped, generally small, Basal plate multipartite, General shape frequently ovoid, occasionally ellipsoid or subglobular, Size small to medium. [The genus is well characterized by its apical elongated neck; however the trait is not well marked in the type species S. sellingii. The Jurassic and Cretaceous species, which present a truncated apex and were assigned to Stellatochara by PECK (1957) and BHATIA and MANNIKERI (1977), belong to Porochara. HORN AF RANTZIEN (1954) noted the similarities in the gyrogonites of Stellatochara and Clavatoraceae genera; in both instances, the gyrogonite is bottle shaped with a cylindrical apical neck. GRAMBAST (1962b) agreed with HORN AF RANTZIEN (1964) and expressed the opinion that the ancestors of the Clavatoraceae are to be sought among the Stellatocharoideae. Transitional forms between the Triassic Stellatocharoideae and the Upper Jurassic Clavatoraceae, however, are presently unknown. The Upper Jurassic S. rostrata (MÄDLER) SCHUDACK, 1993b, as well as the Lower Cretaceous S. reyi GRAMBAST-FESSARD, 1980, and S. nehdensis SCHUDACK, 1987, have an apex with apical projection abruptly turning upward, which is typical of Stellatochara. These taxa most likely represent clavatoracean gyrogonites, exceptionally calcified when the utricle was, for some reason, uncalcified, and they therefore should not be referred to Stellatochara.]
References
Horn af Rantzien, Henning. 1954. Middle Triassic Charophyta of south Sweden. Opera Botanica 1(2):1-83, 7 pl .